The Dakota Indians Preferred Catholicism

The discussion of Sitting Bull deserves an addition.  Sitting Bull was a fascinating and successful War leader of the Dakota people who gave the US Army one of its few decisive defeats in the Indian Wars, by massacring General Custer and his cavalry squadrons at the Battle of Little Big Horn.   There is a famous picture, which was cropped, to conceal the crucifix he wore.  This was pointed out by the Canterbury Tales Blog, here.

One thing this begins to indicate, but will be more clear later on, is that the Dakota Indians preferred the Catholics to the other denominations, often foisted upon them by the federal government at their expense.  In fact, a local historian and priest, Father Berghold, offers the compelling thesis that the Indians would have been much more peaceful if the Catholic Church had been allowed to care for them as they'd often requested. As he writes:

Through the kindness of a benevolent German 
gentleman from Chicago who is an active friend of 
the German Catholic Sioux Missions at the Rose- 
bud and Pine Ridge reservations, we are enabled 
to give extracts from letters of an experienced 
Catholic missionary, who, in company with others, 
devotes himself, with a noble self-sacrifice, to the 
education of the Sioux children, and, if possible, 
to the civilizing of the adult Sioux. If the treat- 
ment of the Sioux were entirely placed in the 
hands of the "black-gowns" and the devoted 
Sisters of Charity, there would be no more Sioux 
wars. That the present troubles have not assumed 
greater proportions, may be safely attributed to 
the zeal of the good missionaries, and that many 
of the Sioux are now desirous of making peace. [P. 117]

One is also reminded here of the fascinating Medicine Man, Black Elk, who also became a devout Catholic and catechist in his time. It is Father Berghold's book, "The Indians' Revenge" which describes in graphic detail the horrors of the Sioux uprising.  It is not a politically correct book, but it is very sympathetic to the Indian and critical of the Federal Government's treatment of him, as well as the puritanical hypocrisy under which the Natives suffered by being forced to follow the exterior conventions of American Protestantism.

In 1862 several bands of Dakota, starving for want of food and the failure of that year's hunt, left their Reservations throughout the Midwest and attacked white settlements, especially New Ulm where nine hundred settlers resisted for three perilous days of hard fighting. The Sioux Uprising of 62 was also known popularly as "Little Crow's War", after its primary instigator. The war ended in December with the capture of many of the offenders, some three hundred of whom were initially sentenced to die, but Abraham Lincoln reduced the number, and on the day after Christmas of that year, on the Feast of St. Stephen, 39 Indians were to be hung.  The condemned men were offered the services of a religion of their choice and 36 of them chose to become Catholics.   Many of the condemned men wore crucifixes, religious medals and crosses.  As the Austrian Priest describes it:

According to the principles of our free institutions every one of the condemned was at liberty to choose the religion in which he wanted to die, and they were officially notified of the fact. The Government also offered to procure the spiritual advisers of their choice. Strange as it may appear, thirty-six out of the thirty-nine became Catholics, though they had always been under the spiritual guidance of Protestant ministers who, as has been said, were in the employ of the Government for years past at the different agencies. Their Catholic spiritual adviser was the Rev. Father Ravoux, who is at present attached to the Cathedral at St. Paul as Vicar-General of the diocese.* Martial law was proclaimed at Mankato by Stephen Miller on the 24th of December, and

* The different Indian tribes who, some years ago, held a great council with the representatives of the Government also wanted only Catholic priests, a fact which was reported in every paper throughout the country [Ibid, p. 146]